What is the primary purpose of using a viscoelastic substance during the placement of an intraocular lens (IOL)?

The primary purpose of using a viscoelastic substance during the placement of an intraocular lens (IOL) is to minimize corneal endothelial damage. Viscoelastic materials are employed during cataract surgery and lens implantation to create and maintain space within the anterior chamber of the eye while also providing a protective layer over the cornea. This serves several essential functions, including keeping the corneal endothelium safe from mechanical trauma and preventing excessive fluid loss during surgery.

When the viscoelastic material is injected into the anterior chamber, it helps maintain the structural integrity of the eye and ensures that the surgical field remains optimal for intraocular lens placement. By acting as a cushion between surgical instruments and the delicate corneal tissue, the viscoelastic substance significantly reduces the risk of damage to the corneal endothelium, which is crucial for maintaining transparency and proper function of the cornea following surgery.

While enhancing visual acuity and improving patient comfort are important objectives in cataract surgery, they are not directly achieved through the use of viscoelastic substances. Additionally, although viscoelastics can offer some benefits in terms of lens rotation, that is not their primary purpose during the IOL implantation process.