What is the name of the thick, gelatinous substance used in intraocular surgery to protect the corneal endothelium?

The thick, gelatinous substance used in intraocular surgery to protect the corneal endothelium is known as a viscoelastic. This material is specially formulated to provide a protective barrier during surgical procedures, which helps maintain the shape of the eye and ensures that the delicate corneal endothelial cells are shielded from mechanical trauma and damage.

Viscoelastics have unique properties that allow them to retain their viscosity while also being cohesive, which aids in maintaining space in the anterior chamber during surgery. They serve multiple purposes: providing structural support, ensuring proper visibility, and minimizing damage to ocular tissues, particularly during procedures such as cataract surgery or intraocular lens implantation.

Other substances, such as ointments and lubricants, do not share these specific properties or purposes in the context of intraocular surgery. Ointments are generally used for surface applications and are not suitable for intraocular use. Lubricants are also primarily for surface application and do not offer the necessary protective qualities during surgical manipulation inside the eye. Saline solution, while used frequently in surgical procedures for irrigation and flushing, lacks the protective viscoelastic properties essential for safeguarding the corneal endothelium during surgery.