In cataract surgery, what is the purpose of phacoemulsification?

Phacoemulsification serves a vital role in cataract surgery by utilizing ultrasound technology to break up the cloudy lens (cataract) into small fragments. This process allows for the safe and effective removal of the lens material through a small incision, significantly minimizing tissue damage and promoting quicker recovery for the patient.

During the procedure, a specially designed probe emits ultrasound waves that emulsify the dense cataract tissue. The fragmented lens material is then aspirated from the eye. This technique is preferred due to its minimally invasive nature and ability to facilitate clearer vision by restoring the eye's focus without the need for large incisions.

The other choices relate to aspects of eye surgery but do not reflect the specific purpose of phacoemulsification. Corneal transplantation involves replacing a damaged cornea, administering eye drops pertains to postoperative care or managing conditions rather than performing surgery, and inserting an intraocular lens generally occurs after the cataract has been removed but does not explain the mechanism of phacoemulsification itself. Thus, the primary objective of phacoemulsification is accurately described as the removal of the lens through ultrasound.